Filter from solid - liquid two phase mixture (suspension) in the process of separating solid particles, pretreatment aims to change the nature of the filtering suspension, makes it easy to filter.Here are several main pretreatment methods:
(1) freeze and melt processing.Produced by, the water treatment on sludge, and difficult to handle some radioactive sludge, this is due to its solid particles with special structure.In order to improve the filtering features with the features of precipitation of this kind of sludge can be used to its slow freezing, then melt processing method.
(2) the change characteristics of the liquid.
Temperature is very effective to reduce the liquid viscosity with the temperature of the liquid in low temperature heat, can significantly improve the filtering speed;In addition to the speed temperature control, with a low viscosity liquid dilution need to filter the high viscosity of liquid, can achieve the same effect.
To reduce the density of the fluid can improve the filtering speed.Suspension liquid density is small, its easy to precipitate solid particles.Speed temperature control to reduce the liquid density effect is not obvious, and adding low density into the liquid density of suspension liquid, has achieved good effect.
Reduce the surface tension of the liquid, also can promote the filter.While under the influence of temperature, the surface tension of the liquid or increase the temperature of the liquid, its surface tension is reduced, but are more easily affected by adding the surfactant surface tension.
(3) crystallization to make suspending liquid of crystal with medium size, in case of small crystal blocked pore medium and big grain plugging pipe.
(4) elution and grading.Fine particles easily blocked pores, usable and elutriation fine particle is separated from the coarse particle classification method, remove fine particles with flocculation method such as increasing the size of the particles.
(5) to improve the effect of filtering, ultrasonic radiation depends on the characteristics of the suspension, the strength of sound waves, acoustic parameters such as frequency and radiation time.Compatibility to some parameters to the particle energy, for example, can overcome flocculation barriers between particles, easy to gather together to form floccules.On the other hand, some other parameters compatibility to aggregate particles broken into small particles.Particles of particles to improve the purity of the product, adsorption, dispersion and reactivity.
(6) using coagulant, flocculation agent, filter aid.Coagulation and flocculation method, based on the suspended particles in the water, colloid and part of water-soluble substance as the object, by adding coagulant, flocculation agent to promote filter.
Coagulant is the polyvalent metal salt, and low molecular polymer.Low molecular coagulant with ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, aluminium sulfate, etc.High polymer coagulant poly ferric sulfate, poly aluminum chloride, etc.
Are now widely applied high polymer flocculant, its molecules, there are many hydrophilic polarity, plays for particle adsorption and bridging role between particles, eventually lead to the formation of floccules.
Filter aid refers to help filter material, such as diatomite, etc.Filter aid has two functions: one is to improve the filtering speed;2 it is to get the clear filtrate.
(7) the preconcentration of straining and dilution.Concentration of suspending liquid containing solid particles, a direct impact on the ability to filter to the filter cloth, filter cake resistance, particle internal injection (injection effect filtrate clarity and medium resistance).
Vacuum filter with different concentration of slurry, the greater difference between the structure of the filter cake.Easy to filter the suspension, the organization of the filter cake is not dense, cracks often occur, the vacuum leakage caused by large power consumption.For this kind of suspension, to dilute before filtering, in order to get dense cake and facilitate cleaning.
In contrast, for very dilute suspension, thickening, before filtering in order to improve the filtering speed, reduce the filter size, reduce the cost of the equipment.A thick slurry filter cake filtration resistance of small, therefore to preconcentration of dilute suspension, to improve the production capacity of filter. |